Parag arun narkhede assistant professor, kcess institute of management and research, jalgaon email. The human blood consists of the components, red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets. Other blood group systems madison area technical college. The blood sample were transferred into edta bottle and mixed. An empirical study on blood types and personality dr.
The abo blood group blood groups and red cell antigens ncbi. The varieties of glycoprotein and glycolipid coating on red blood cells divides blood into four groups. The abo and rhesus rh blood groups are considered much significant concerning blood transfusion. There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens a and b on the surface of red blood cells. Many patients have died and it was not until 1901, when the austrian karl landsteiner discovered human blood groups, that blood. The red blood cells are the ones that give blood its identity or type. If you are curious and interested to know more the indepth science of your blood, that chart is most pertinent to that need of knowledge. One of the reasons japan developed the blood type personality indicator theory was in reaction against ethnic stereotypes coming from europe. Abo blood types world distribution by people and country. A blood type blood group is defined as the classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells rbcs. These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Your blood group depends on which antigens occur on the surface of your red blood cells.
Know the abo and rh systems for blood typing and their clinical significance. This list concerns blood type distribution between countries and regions. The below mentioned article provides an overview on the inheritance of blood groups in man. Generally trustworthy, but can sometimes make mistakes due to lapses of focus. Inheritance and genetic of blood group linkedin slideshare. Some of these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of. International society of blood transfusion has recently recognized 33 blood group systems. This manual blood grouping presents serious drawbacks such as incorrect blood grouping and wrong typing in the report. What are the different human blood groups and types. What is the importance of meeting the correct number of servings from each food group. Tend to keep themselves separate from others, especially those who dont share their. Apr 20, 2016 the abo blood group system is the most important blood type system or blood group system in human blood transfusion.
Not all racial and ethnic groups have the same mix of these blood. Your genetic makeup, which you inherit from your parents, determines which antigens are present on your red blood cells. Pathogens are organisms that live on or in their host, and gain nutrients from that host. A blood type also called a blood group is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells rbcs. Blood types are determined by the presence of substances on the red blood cells. A child receives one of the three alleles from each parent, giving rise to six possible genotypes and four possible blood types phenotypes.
Each group can be either rhd positive or rhd negative, which means your blood group can be one of the eig. Human population has 4 blood groups a, b, ab and o. Once patients blood type is known, donor blood of the same abo and rh type is selected. There are 38 human blood group systems as of august 2019 with many hundreds of antigens. Because two proteins are involved, there are four possible combinations or blood types abo groups. Jan 29, 20 blood group abif you belong to the blood groupab, you have both a and bantigens on the surface of yourrbcs and no a or b antibodiesat all in your blood plasma.
Blood type definition of blood type by the free dictionary. He found that mixing blood from two individuals can lead to. Abo and rhesus blood groups, haemoglobin electrophoresis. Experiments with blood transfusions have been carried out for hundreds of years.
Classification of blood types by microscope color images ijmlc. The table shows the four abo phenotypes blood groups presentin the human population and the genotypes that give rise to them. This negates current theory that o is the original blood type, especially since the manapes have little or no o blood type and no ab blood type. Many patients have died and it was not until 1901, when the austrian karl landsteiner discovered human blood groups, that blood transfusions became safer. Oct 27, 2019 there are 38 human blood group systems as of august 2019 with many hundreds of antigens. Possible donor rbcs are mixed with the recipients serum. The well known example of multiple alleles in humans is occurrence of four types of blood groups discovered first by carl landsteiner 1912. Biochemical analysis of blood group antigens has shown that they fall into two main types. Apart from abo and rhesus system, many other types of antigens have been noticed on the red cell membranes. Genetic characterization of the abo blood group in. Ab, and o and rh types are descriptions of certain antigens.
The universal donors are however grouping o as they may donate blood to any blood type without causing any kind of adverse reactions. Indeed, blood is a serious matter and if you need to get blood transfusion, it is very important that you get to know the many kinds of types of blood groups and its importance to make. Compared to women with blood group o, women with blood group ab or b had a nonsignificant 38% increase in ovarian cancer incidence 95% ci 0. Kell antik alloantibodies can cause hdfn and it is important to avoid transfusing k positive red cells to k negative girls and women of childbearing potential. Blood groups and the history of peoples blood type diet. The blood connection expands into 4 more locations throughout the upstate of sc and into nc. Blood is composed of cells suspended in a liquid called plasma. Generally a gene has two alternative forms or alleles, one in each of the homologous chromosomes. While the former refers to alleles of a gene at a given locus, multiple factors refer to genes at different loci on the homologous chromosomes pair. The effects of abo blood group on survival against most forms of epidemic illness is so distinct that a modern day map of the abo blood group distribution in europe closely parallels the locations of major epidemics, with higher densities of blood group a and lower frequencies of blood group o in areas historically known to have had long. Pdf a brief history of human blood groups researchgate.
Inheritance and genetics history of blood groups and blood transfusions. Blood antigens antibodies in serum genotypes group on rbcs a a antib aa or ao b b antia bb or bo ab a and b neither ab o neither. Blood types explained a, b, ab and o red cross blood. Tend to try and keep their emotions and thoughts hidden from others, and share them only when comfortable. Immunology and blood groups an infectious disease is caused by pathogens, where they are said to be parasitic. The following explanation covers the main a, b and o blood types. Try to be fair and find the ideal outcome to any situation. Alloantibodies to the kidd jk system are an important cause of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions see chapter 5. Nyangara rajabu mtilly, md, mmed student, imtu glossary gene locus allele heterozygous homozygous phenotype genotype sex chromosome autosomal chromosome dominant gene recessive gene chromosomes chromosomes are made up of dna make up genes code for proteins glossary heterozygous 2 identical chromosomes with different gene types i. A new modern brand identity was created to establish a set of standards that will help maintain a sense of continuity as more regions are added. Only if the father and mother are a and b or b and a blood type can the child have any of the human blood groups a, b, ab or o.
Blood group oif you belong to the blood group o,you have neither a or b antigens onthe surface of your rbcs but you haveboth a and b antibodies in your bloodplasma. The term human blood group systems is defined by international society of blood transfusion as systems in the human species where cellsurface antigensin particular, those on blood cellsare controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them, and include the common abo and rh rhesus antigen. Blood groups and the history of peoples in the complete blood type encyclopedia. This is used to describe the observable effect of the inherited genes or expression of the genes i. The blood types are determined by proteins called antigens also called agglutinogens on the surface of the rbc. Nyangara rajabu mtilly, md, mmed student, imtu glossary gene locus allele heterozygous homozygous phenotype genotype sex chromosome autosomal chromosome dominant gene recessive gene chromosomes chromosomes are made up of dna make up genes code for proteins glossary heterozygous 2 identical chromosomes with. Plan everything out beforehand, and carry out tasks with seriousness and consistency. Pdf the evolution of human blood groups, without doubt, has a history as old as man. Introduction abo and rhesus blood groups are among the most important blood groups clinically seeley et al, 1998. Blood groups a, b, ab, and o and rh types are descriptions of certain antigens. The high polymorphism rate in the human abo blood group gene seems to be related to susceptibility to different pathogens. The blood groups in relation to peptic ulceration and carcinoma of colon, rectum, breast, and bronchus. Background the blood type is the way we classify red blood cells.
Blood type or blood group is determined, in part, by the abo blood group antigens present on red blood cells. If a gene has more than two alleles, it is known to exhibit multiple alleles. A paleogenetic analysis of the abo blood group gene in neandertals allows us to directly test for the. Blood type also called a blood group is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells rbcs. Blood types explained blood groups abo and rh factor nursing transfusions compatibility duration.
These types of blood group and genotype are usually dependent upon the parents and usually women can. Blood groups types and their importance answers on healthtap. They have many friends, but also require time alone. Blood typing ppt blood type dominance genetics free. Blood types a blood group or blood type is based on the presence or absence of two proteins a, b on the surface of red blood cells. The baby blood type chart is a bit more detailed and allencompassing about blood medicine. Aug 17, 2015 blood types explained blood groups abo and rh factor nursing transfusions compatibility duration.
The table shows the four abo phenotypes blood groups present in the human population and the genotypes that give rise to them. Blood groups are classified according to their antigens into four. If no agglutination, no ab in recipient blood will attack donors rbcs. If during a transfusion an individual receives blood containing rbcs with proteins that the individual does not carry, these proteins may be recognized as foreign antigens by the immune system.
Analysis of the blood type and group among undergraduate. Generally, in all crossmatch tests, a specific chemical. Hematology and blood bank technique module abo blood grouping hematology and blood bank technique 50 notes phenotype. Your blood group is determined by the genes you inherit from your parents. Based on the type of antigen carried by the red cells, every person has a blood group. There is a vast span of human existence of which little is known.
A meatfree diet based on fruits and vegetables, beans and legumes, and whole grains ideally, organic and fresh, because dadamo says people with type a blood have a sensitive. The most commonly recognised of these are the abo blood groups. Pmc free article peebles brown da, melrose ag, wallace j. The antigens m and n are codominant alleles that are closely linked to the s and s antigens, which are also codominant. Beckman, a contribution to the physical anthropology.
Your blood type is inherited and everyones blood type falls into one of eight types. Know the different types of blood transfusions and their complications transfusion reactions. It has been estimated that all genetic variation underlying the human abo alleles appeared along the human lineage, after the divergence from the chimpanzee lineage. The popular belief originates with publications by masahiko nomi in the 1970s although some medical hypotheses have been proposed in support of blood type personality theory, the scientific community generally dismisses blood type personality theories. The world distribution of human abo blood types by people and country this gives us some interesting historical and genetic insights into ancient movements of gene pools. The most common type of grouping is the abo blood group system. Blood types a, b, ab, and o form the abo blood group. The distribution of abo, rhesus blood groups and haemoglobin electrophoresis among 200 undergraduate students of niger delta university, bayelsa state, nigeria randomly selected were studied. In the following chart the 4 indicates the antigen is present. Blood group a if you belong to the blood group a, you have a antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and b antibodies in your blood plasma. Class notes other blood group systems mns system antigens and their inheritance. Archeological ruins from the beginnings of civilization have been unearthed, and there have been occasional discoveries of a more prehistoric nature, but not much else.
Apart from abo and rhesus system, many other types of antigens. Sensitization a observable effect of the inherited genes 2. All donated blood is tested for infections like hivs, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, syphilis all donated blood is also tested for abo and rh groups, along with the presence of any red blood cell antibodies. Abo blood types are also present in some other animals for example rodents and apes such as chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas. Jan 31, 2017 the human blood consists of the components, red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets. As a pilot study questionnaire was prepared considering different traits of personality. Information about blood groups and their importance. Archeological ruins from the beginnings of civilization have been unearthed, and there have been occasional discoveries of a more prehistoric nature, but not. There are 8 common blood types, as determined by presence or absence of certain antigens substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the. Pdf abo blood type antigens are polymorphic, inherited structures presented on the surface of red blood cells. The abo system is the principal blood grouping system used for humans which categorises people into one of the following four groups a, b, ab, or o. Blood groups and personality traits pubmed central pmc. This blood group has antigens for a and b which means it can produce antibodies against both, a and b blood groups.
There are many molecules on the surface of red blood cells that vary between individuals, and these form the basis of blood groups. There are very specific ways in which blood types and blood components must be matched for a safe transfusion. Experiments with blood transfusions, the transfer of blood or blood components into a persons blood stream, have been carried out for hundreds of years. If you have the a antigen on the rbc, then you have type a blood. The knowledge of the types of blood groups and its importance will give you a good understanding of these things to make sure that you do not make the mistake. The blood type donation chart is an easytouse reference for donors and recipients to determine their abo blood type compatibility. The below chart shows the percentage of the population that has each blood type. The abo blood groups the most important in assuring a safe blood transfusion. Ab0 blood grouping system according to the ab0 blood group system there are four different kinds of blood groups. Types of blood groups and their characteristics styles. Blood samples were collected by venepuncture from the antecubital vein.
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